Hotel Reservation Application Data Model

Hotel-Reservation

1. Use Case:

The hotel reservation data model facilitates hotel management, reservation tracking, and customer information storage.

Functionality Overview

  • User Registration & Login: Allow users to create accounts and securely log in.
  • Search & Filter: Enable users to search for hotels based on location, dates, price range, amenities, etc.
  • Booking Management: Allow users to view, modify, and cancel their reservations.
  • Room Availability: Display real-time room availability and allow users to book available rooms.
  • Reviews & Ratings: Let users view and submit reviews and ratings for hotels and rooms.
  • Payment Integration: Integrate payment gateways for secure booking transactions.
  • Notifications: Send notifications to users for booking confirmations, reminders, and updates.
  • Customer Support: Provide easy access to customer support for inquiries and assistance.
  • User Profile: Allow users to manage their profiles, preferences, and past bookings.
  • Deals & Discounts: Offer special deals, discounts, and loyalty programs to encourage bookings.

2. Schema Details

We are going to use Data-Vault 2.0 approach to build the solution here. First, let us identify the entities below as below:

  • User
  • Hotel
  • Room
  • Reservation
  • Review
  • Payment
  • Notification

  • Customer Support

  • 2.1. Conceptual Model:

    Next steps is to build the conceptual model. In data Valut 2.0, the building blocks are Hubs, Links and Satellite.

    • Hubs:Hubs represent the core business entities.
      • User Hub
      • Hotel Hub
      • Room Hub
      • Payment Hub
      • Customer Support Hub
    • Links
      • Reservation Link (connects User Hub, Hotel Hub, Room Hub, and Payment Hub)
      • Review Link (connects User Hub, Hotel Hub, and Room Hub)
    • Satellite
      • User Satellite (contains user details)
      • Hotel Satellite (contains hotel details)
      • Room Satellite (contains room details)
      • Reservation Satellite (contains reservation details)
      • Review Satellite (contains review details)
      • Payment Satellite (contains payment details)
      • Notification Satellite (contains notification details)
      • Customer Support Satellite (contains customer support details)

    For example, let’s take the user & hotel hub and link them through UserHotelLink table. Here’s a textual representation of the conceptual data model:

                     +---------------------+
                 |      User Hub       |
                 +---------------------+
                 | user_id (PK)        |
                 | username            |
                 | email               |
                 | password            |
                 +---------------------+
                           |
                           |
     +--------------+------+-----------------------+
     |                     |                       |   +----------------+  +------------------+      +---------------------+   |  User Details  |  |  UserHotelLink   |      |      Hotel Hub      |   +----------------+  +------------------+      +---------------------+   | user_id (FK)   |  | user_id (FK)     |      | hotel_id (PK)       |   | first_name     |  | hotel_id (FK)    |      | name                |   | last_name      |  +------------------+      | description         |   | address        |                            +---------------------+   | phone_number   |    +----------------+

Final steps is to define all the entities in detail and create the relationship between them. Let’s start with the process.

  • 2.2 Table Details

    2.2.1 User Hub

    • Description: Represents users of the hotel reservation app.

      Name Data Type Description
      user_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the user.
      username Text Username of the user.
      email Text Email address of the user.
      password Text Encrypted password of the user.

    2.2.2 User Details Satellite

    • Description: Contains additional details about users.
    Name Data Type Description
    user_id Foreign Key References the user in the User Hub.
    first_name Text First name of the user.
    last_name Text Last name of the user.
    address Text Address of the user.
    phone_number Text Phone number of the user.

    2.2.3 Hotel Hub

    • Description: Represents hotels available for reservation.
    Name Data Type Description
    hotel_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the hotel.
    name Text Name of the hotel.
    location Text Location of the hotel.
    rating Numeric Rating of the hotel.

    2.2.4 Hotel Details Satellite

    • Description: Contains additional details about hotels.
    Name Data Type Description
    hotel_id Foreign Key References the hotel in the Hotel Hub.
    description Text Description of the hotel.
    amenities Text Amenities offered by the hotel.
    room_types Text Types of rooms available in the hotel.

    2.2.5 Room Hub

    • Description: Represents rooms available for reservation.
    Name Data Type Description
    room_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the room.
    type Text Type of the room.
    price Numeric Price of the room.

    2.2.6 Room Details Satellite

    • Description: Contains additional details about rooms.
    Name Data Type Description
    room_id Foreign Key References the room in the Room Hub.
    capacity Integer Capacity of the room (number of guests).
    amenities Text Amenities available in the room.

    2.2.7 Payment Hub

    • Description: Represents payment transactions for reservations.
    Name Data Type Description
    payment_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the payment.
    method Text Payment method used.
    status Text Status of the payment (e.g., paid, pending).

    2.2.8 Payment Details Satellite

    • Description: Contains additional details about payments.
    Name Data Type Description
    payment_id Foreign Key References the payment in the Payment Hub.
    amount Numeric Amount of the payment.
    transaction_id Text Transaction ID of the payment.

    2.2.9 Reservation Link

    • Description: Connects users, hotels, rooms, and payments for reservations.
    Name Data Type Description
    reservation_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the reservation.
    user_id Foreign Key References the user in the User Hub.
    hotel_id Foreign Key References the hotel in the Hotel Hub.
    room_id Foreign Key References the room in the Room Hub.
    payment_id Foreign Key References the payment in the Payment Hub.
    check_in_date Date Date of check-in for the reservation.
    check_out_date Date Date of check-out for the reservation.
    num_guests Integer Number of guests for the reservation.

    2.2.10 Review Link

    • Description: Connects users, hotels, and rooms for reviews.
    Name Data Type Description
    review_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the review.
    user_id Foreign Key References the user in the User Hub.
    hotel_id Foreign Key References the hotel in the Hotel Hub.
    room_id Foreign Key References the room in the Room Hub.
    rating Numeric Rating given by the user for the hotel/room.
    comment Text Comment provided by the user.

    2.2.11 Notification Satellite

    • Description: Contains details about notifications sent to users.
    Name Data Type Description
    notification_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the notification.
    user_id Foreign Key References the user in the User Hub.
    message Text Content of the notification.
    timestamp DateTime Timestamp when the notification was sent.

    2.2.12 Customer Support Hub

    • Description: Represents customer support interactions.
    Name Data Type Description
    support_id Primary Key Unique identifier for the support interaction.
    user_id Foreign Key References the user in the User Hub.
    issue_type Text Type of support issue.
    status Text Status of the support interaction (e.g., open, closed).
    timestamp DateTime Timestamp of the support interaction.

    2.2.13 Customer Support Details Satellite

    • Description: Contains additional details about customer support interactions.
    Name Data Type Description
    support_id Foreign Key References the support interaction in the Customer Support Hub.
    description Text Description of the support issue.
    resolution Text Resolution provided for the support issue.
    resolved_by Text User who resolved the support issue.
    timestamp DateTime Timestamp of the support interaction.

3. Relationships

Hotel Reservation

4. Implementation Details:

4.1 User Registration & Login:

  • User Registration: Information is inserted into the User Hub table upon registration.
  • User Login: Credentials are verified against data in the User Hub table.

4.2 Search & Filter:

  • Search: Hotels are queried based on criteria from the Hotel Hub and Hotel Satellite tables.
  • Filter: Additional filtering options are applied using SQL WHERE clauses.

4.3 Booking Management:

  • View Reservations: Query the Reservation Link table joined with the User Hub and Hotel Hub tables.
  • Modify Reservations: Update reservation rows in the Reservation Satellite table.
  • Cancel Reservations: Delete reservation rows from the Reservation Satellite table.

4.4 Room Availability:

  • Real-time Availability: Query the Room Hub and Reservation Satellite tables for room availability.

4.5 Reviews & Ratings:

  • Submit Review: Insert rows into the Review Satellite table, referencing relevant tables.
  • View Reviews: Query the Review Satellite table joined with other relevant tables.

4.6 Payment Integration:

  • Initiate Payment: Insert payment details into the Payment Hub and Payment Satellite tables.
  • Transaction Processing: Process payments and update status in the Payment Satellite table.

4.7 Notifications:

  • Send Notifications: Insert notification data into the Notification Satellite table.
  • Receive Notifications: Query the Notification Satellite table for user notifications.

4.8 Customer Support:

  • Submit Support Requests: Insert support requests into the Customer Support Hub and Satellite tables.
  • Resolve Support Requests: Update support request status and details in the Customer Support Satellite table.

5. Conclusion

Functionalities in the hotel reservation app are achieved by interacting with the database tables using SQL queries and operations. This database-driven approach ensures efficient management of hotel reservations and related activities.

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